G-i-P Report: The Hobbit linguistic summary
(to be continued)

20.12.12, 12:00, dodany przez Galadhorn

THE HOBBIT (MOVIE TRILOGY): PHRASES, LYRICS AND INSCRIPTIONS IN THE LANGUAGES OF MIDDLE-EARTH

(as translated by DAVID SALO)

Check also our website devoted to the linguistic analysis of The Lord of the Rings movie trilogy (you will find there phrases, inscriptions and lyrics in the neo-languages of Middle-earth analyzed by the Gwaith)

I. PHRASES

Sindarin

Most of the Sindarin words can be found in David Salo’s A Gateway to Sindarin (see here).

I’ve got a cameo as an elf. Or another cameo. My character is called Lindir. I hang out with Elrond… I’ve got a few lines in Elvish… [Bret McKenzie, "Lindir"]

1. Elin eb i istodh na dirad lin. [source]
‘How are you?’ (lit. ‘Happy am I beyond that which you know to see you’)

*elin v. ‘I am happy!’; from elo! intj. ‘an exclamation of wonder, admiration, delight’, ‘*el-, √EL or *gelin (lenited ‘elin), *gel- ‘to be merry, happy’,  √GJEL
*eb prep. ‘beyond’; cf. Quenya epë ‘before/after’?
i rel. pron. ‘who, which, that’
*istodh v. ‘you know’; ista- ‘have knowdlege’ + *-dh ‘thou’ (second-person familiar pronoun; cf. cerið (ceridh) and galoð (galodh) in PE#17, p. 132)
na prep. ‘with, by, near; to, toward, at; of’
tirad (lenited dirad) v. ‘to see’; cf. tíra- ‘see’
lin pron. ‘you’ (shouldn’t it be len instead?)

2. Boe i ‘watham. [source]
Let’s go (lit. ‘It is necessary we leave’)

boe v. impers. ‘it is necessary, one must, one is compelled to’ (specifical David Salo’s phrase used many times in the LotR movie)
i rel. pron. ‘who, which, that’; here used as ‘that’
gwatham (lenited ‘watham) v. fut. ‘we will go’; cf. gwa- ‘to go’ (PE#17, p. 148) and -m ‘we’.

3. Nauthon i miruvor ammen; man pedidh? [source]
‘Should we have a glass of wine?’ (lit. ‘I think about miruvor for us. What you say?’)

nauthon v. ‘I think’; cf. nautha- ‘conceive’
i art. ‘the’
miruvor, n. Sindarin version of the Quenya miruvórë
ammen pron. ‘to us, for us, of us’
*man pron. ‘who, what’
pedidh v. ‘you speak’; cf. ped- ‘speak’ + *-dh ‘thou’ (second-person familiar pronoun)

4. (…) Iant Vedui. [source]
‘(…) Last Bridge.’

5. [Lindir to Gandalf:] *Lastannem mi athrannen di Vruinen [source]
‘We have heard … … in Bruinen’

6. [Tauriel:] Tolo hí! [analysis]
‘Come down’ (or: ‘Come here’)

tolo v. ‘come’; cf. tol-, Quenya tul-
sí (lenited hí) adv. ‘here’

7. [Tauriel:] Lyst in saim [analysis]
‘The cells are empty’

lost adj. ‘empty’
in art. pl. ‘the’
sam (pl. *saim) n. ‘chamber, *cell’

8. [Angerthas Daeron runic inscription of Thorin's sword, Orcrist:]
Nagol e-lýg Orchrist
‘Tooth of Snake, Orc-Cleaver’ [analysis]

nagol n. ‘tooth’
e en art. ‘of the’
lýg n. ‘snake’

9. [Angerthas Daeron runic inscription of Thorin's scabbard:]
Hyrn o gorf Ithluig; ui ni madweg a suig
‘Ready for action (pl.) from impetus [of] wisdom-serpents; everlasting I [am] gluttonous and thirsty’ [analysis]

*hürn or hyrn adj. pl. ‘ready for action’ (sg. *hurn, cf. hûr n. ‘readiness for action’)
o prep. ‘from, of’
gorf gorw, n. ‘impetus, vigor’
*ithluig, n. ‘wisdom-serpents = dragons’
ui adj. ‘everlasting, eternal’
ni pron. ‘I/me’
madweg adj. ‘gluttonous’ (PE 17:144)
a conj. ‘and’
*soig adj. ‘thirsty’ (cf. Quenya soica ‘thirsty’)

Quenya

1. [Radagast:] (…) envinyata cuilelya?
‘to renew your life’

envinyata v. ‘to renew’; cf. Envinyatar ‘Renewer’
cuilelya n. ‘your life’; cuile-lya

Khuzdûl

We’ve all learnt a bit of the Dwarf language, Khuzdûl, so we all have a kind of selection of words to fall back on, and curses and battle-cries…. [Richard Armitage, “Thorin”]

1. [Ori:] Gelekh dash undbar
‘?’ [analysis]

2. [Bifur:] Khuzd belkur!
‘Mighty Dwarf’ [analysis]

3. *Ni ikred fund
‘Never trust an Elf’

4. “Dwarven Words of the Day [description]:

* agthur ‘contract’, stem ?
*aznâg ‘courage’; stem ?
*aznân ‘darkness’; stem Z-N (HoMe IX 466)
*azrâd ‘magic’; stem ?
*banô ‘treasure’; stem ?
*bark ‘axe’; cf. baruk, ‘axes of’ (HoMe VII 20), Baruk Khazâd! ‘Axes of the Dwarves!’ (Appendix F); stem ?
*belgond ‘pledge’; stem ? [analysis]
*belkîn ‘fortress’; stem ?
*gund ‘cave’; cf. gundu, ‘underground hall’ (from stem gunud) (HoMe XII 352).
*sigin-aimu ‘journey (long-?)’; stem S-G-N and ?
targ ‘beard’; stem T-R-G; cf. Sigin-tarâg ‘Longbeards’; stems S-G-N, *T-R-G
*ûnag ‘enemy’; stem ?
*urd ‘mountain’; cf. Sindarin orod; stem ?
uzbad ‘king, lord’, stem ?
*zul ‘beer’; stem ?

5. [Angerthas Moria runic inscriptions o Dwalin's axes:]
Umraz
‘Grasper’ [analysis]

Ukhlad
‘Keeper’ [analysis]

6. [Dwalin's tatoo:] Baruk Khazâd! Khazâd ai-mênu! [analysis]

II. SOUNDTRACK

1. “Radagast the Brown” [Sindarin]
“Above this dense collection of forest murmurs, boys chorus sings a text by Phillippa Boyens” [translated by David Salo]:

Meno, edveno
O galad vos i lais
Lim, meno lim
Na fuin, trí dhuaith …

‘Away! Away! / From soft leaf-light / Hurry! Hurry! / Through dark of night … ‘. Literally the text is: ‘Go, go forth / from [the] light soft [of] the leaves /Lightly, go lightly /to [the] nightshade, through dark-shadow’.

*meno v. imp. ‘go!’; *men-, √MEN ‘way, region’
*edveno v. imp. ‘go forth’’; < *ed-men-, cf. *men-, √ET ‘forth, out’ and √MEN ‘way, region’
o prep. ‘from, of’
galad n. ‘light, bright light’
*mos (lenited vos) adj. ‘soft’; cf. Quenya mussë ‘soft’, √MUS
lais n. pl. ‘leaves’
lim adj., adv. ‘clear, sparkling, light’; cf. noro lim, Asfaloth *’run lightly, Asfaloth’ (I 222)
na prep. ‘to, toward, at’
fuin n. ‘night, gloom, darkness, dead of night, nightshade’
trî prep. ‘through’
dhuaith n. pl. ‘nightshade, dark shadow’, sg. dúath

2. “The Hidden Valley” [Sindarin]
“Gandalf eventually leads the Dwarves to the safety of Imladris, the Last Homely House and home to Elrond, Master of Rivendell. Rivendell’s timeless music is embellished with tolling chimes, harp glissandi, and female voices singing “Rivendell Revealed” in Sindarin, the Elves’ common tongue. However, Elrond is not the only Elf to hold sway in Rivendell — and Gandalf is not the only Wizard. Also present are Galadriel, the Lady of Lórien, and Saruman, wisest of his order. While the Dwarves accept the invitation issued in Rivendell’s choral text —

Edwenno brestaid en-Amar

‘Lay down your troubles, set aside your fear’ [lit. 'Set aside troubles of [the] Earth’]

*edwenno v. imp. ‘set aside’; √ET ‘forth, out’ and √? ‘?’
*prestaid (lenited brestaid), n. ‘trouble’, sg. *prestad; cf. presta- v. ‘affect, trouble, disturb’
en, e- art. ‘of the’
Amar n. ‘Earth’

3. Galadriel’s theme [Quenya]
“Female chorus sings”:

Ninquë silë misë nár
Nóna silmë andané

‘A white fire shines within her / The light of a star, born long ago’.

ninquë adj. ‘chill, palid, white’
silë v. (aorist) ‘shines’; cf. sil- ‘shine’
misë, pron. ‘(with)in her’
nár n. ‘flame, fire’
*nóna adj. ‘born’; isolated from Apanónar ‘After-born’
silmë n. ‘starlight’
*andané adv. ‘long ago’ (VT#49, p. 31)

III. INSCRIPTIONS

Anglo-Saxon runes (English runes)

the teaser runes [?], WETA hip-flask, Thorin’s Key, Dwarvish costumes

Angerthas Daeron (Elvish runes)

Orcrist (here and here – the blade, and here the scabbard, Sindarin), Glamdring (blade, Sindarin), Gandalf’s Mark (here)

Angerthas Moria (Dwarvish runes)

Thorin’s Ring [?], Dwalins Axes, Dwalin’s Tattoos

To be continued…

G-i-P stands for Gwaith-i-Phethain, ‘The Fellowship of the Word-smiths’ or the linguistic website devoted to post-Tolkienian constructions in the “reconstructed” languages of Middle-earth [link].

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Kategorie wpisu: Filmy: Hobbit i WP, G-i-P Report, Lingwistyka, News in Westron (English)